Here in Korea, we are starting to enter the spring season. While spring is associated with lovely things such as warm weather and cherry blossoms, the other thing that is on people's minds during this time is 황사.
'황사' (pronounced 'hwang-sa') is often translated into English as "yellow dust from China".
When I first heard about this, I was entirely confused. Being raised in a mid-eastern US state, and having been a victim of severe seasonal allergies as a child, when I hear the words 'spring' and 'yellow dust' used in conjunction, my mind automatically thinks 'pollen'. So I found it very odd; why were Koreans blaming China for pollen…?
As my ignorance was replaced with knowledge, I realized that it isn't pollen; it's pollution. However, my initial thoughts about blaming China apparently were not entirely misplaced.
It turns out, while yes, some of this air pollution is blown over from China, much of it actually is domestically-created. South Korea's Ministry of Environment even admitted last year that at most only 50% of it can be attributed to external sources.
So what are the main culprit's of Korea's pollution problem?
Part of the reason is Korea's reliance on coal power for its energy. And a NASA-sponsered project found that massive manufacturing factories in places like Ulsan can be specifically identified as contributors to the pollution.
A few years ago I actually worked in a research lab that studies particle matter (PM), so I do know a bit about this stuff. And it's scary, because for fine PM, once you inhale that stuff, there's no way to expel it from your lungs. And I think it's a shame that there's not more attention and outcry about it here. The whole world knows about the drastic air quality states in places like India and China. But South Korea somehow manages to fly under the radar--even though one morning last week its capital city managed to clock in the second-worst air quality in the world, right behind New Dehli, India.
I suppose the first step would be to squash the China myth. By blaming it on them, the government is able to sidestep being held responsible for the horrible air quality and thus avoid doing anything about it. In the wake of a political upturn, perhaps once Koreans are educated on the truth about 황사, they'll be able to mobilize and demand their environmental and health rights to be respected and upheld.